International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research (IJMLR)

INCIDENCE OF ROTAVIRUS IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION, INDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY BASED ON MULTICENTRIC DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY

 

Dinesh Jain, Manmohan Singh, Sandeep Budhiraja, Bansidhar Tarai, Sukanya Ghildiyal

 

ABSTRACT: Background: Throughout India, severe watery dehydrating diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children under five years of age. Objective: To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus disease across age and gender in the National Capital Region (NCR), India. Method: It is a retrospective observational study based on diagnostic laboratory data of multiple tertiary care hospital located in Delhi and NCR. The samples which were tested for rotavirus from April 2014 to July 2017 in tertiary healthcare centers; were included in the study. The overall sample size was 1942. Data analysis has been done by using MS Excel,and R. Monthly positive rates were calculated as the proportion of positive cases out of total laboratory test done for rotavirus in that month. Results: The study reported that the high-risk population groups like pediatric (0-5 years) and elderly (>64 years) were most affected with the rotavirus infection, 226 (52%) and 70 (16%) respectively. Season-wise trends of rotavirus disease showed the highest positivity during the post-monsoon and winters while decreasing trends towards summers and monsoons of the year for 2014 to 2017.The study also reported a significantly higher positivity rate among in patient population (22.8%) in comparison to outpatients (12.4%).  Conclusion: This study outlines how laboratory data analytics can be critical in understanding the epidemiology of rotavirus disease, its seasonal trend, for preventive strategies.

 

KEY WORDS: Rotavirus, Diarrhea, Pediatric population, Surveillance, Laboratory data

​

REFERENCES:

1. Morris SK, Awasthi S, KheraA, BassaniDG, Kang G, Parashar UD, et al. Rotavirus mortality in India: estimates based on a nationally representative survey of diarrheal deaths. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2012;90(10):720-727.

2. Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Parashar UD. Global, regional, and national estimates of rotavirus mortality in children < 5 years of age, 2000-2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(Suppl. 2):S96-S105.

3. John J, Sarkar R, Muliyil J, Bhandari N, Bhan MK, Kang G. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in India, 2011–2013: Revised estimates of disease burden and potential impact of vaccines. Vaccine 2014;32(Suppl. 1):A5–9.

4. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, . Global, regional, andnational causes of child mortality in 2008: A systematic analysis. Lancet.2010;375:1969–1987.

5. Tate JE, Chitambar S, Esposito DH, Sarkar R, Gladstone B, Ramani S, . Disease and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhea in India. Vaccine. 2009;27(Suppl. 5):F18–24.

6. Anandan S, Peter R, Aramugam R, Ismail N, Veeraraghavan B, Kang G. Group A rotavirus gastroenteritis in older children and adults at a hospital in southern India. Vaccine. 2014;32(Suppl. 1):A33-35.

7. Cook SM, Glass RI, LeBaron CW, Ho MS. Global seasonality of rotavirus infections. Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(2):171-177.

8. Levy K, Hubbard AE, Joseph NS Eisenberg. Seasonality of rotavirus disease in the tropics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemol. 2009;38(6)1487-1496.

9. Lee SY, Hong JH, Lee SW, Lee M. Comparisons of latex agglutination, immunochromatography and enzyme immunoassay methods for the detection of rotavirus antigen. Korean J Lab Med. 2007;27(6):437-441.

10. Kohno H, Akihara S, Nishio O, Ushijima H. Development of a simple and rapid latex test for rotavirus in stool samples. Pediatr Int. 2000;42(4):395-400.

11. Malek MA, Teleb N, Abu-Elyazeed R, Riddle MS, Sherif ME, Steele AD, . The Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(Supple. 1):S12–22

12. Forster J, Guarino A, Parez N, Moraga F, Mory O, Tozzi AE, . Hospital-based surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among European children younger than 5 years of age.Pediatrics. 2009;123(3):e393-400. 

13. Banerjee I1, Ramani S, Primrose B, Moses P, Iturriza-Gomara M, Gray JJ . Comparative study of rotavirus epidemiology in children from a community-based birth cohort and a hospital in South India. J ClinMicrobiol.2006;44:2468–2474.

14. Kang G, Arora R, Chitambar SD, Deshpande J, Gupte MD, Kulkarni M, et al.Multicenter, hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus disease and strains among Indian children aged <5 years.JInfec Dis.2009;200(Suppl. 1):S147–153.

15. Jain V, Parashar UD, Glass RI, Bhan MK. Epidemiology of rotavirus in India. Indian J Pediatr. 2001;68:855-862.

16. Bhan MK, Kumar R, Khoshoo V, Arora NK, Raj P, Stintzing G,. Etiologic role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus in acute diarrhea in Delhi children. Indian J Med Res. 1987;85:604-607.

17. Ram S, Khurana S, Khurana SB, Sharma S, Vadehra DV, Broor S. Bioecological factors and rotavirus diarrhea. Indian J Med Res. 1990;91:167-170.

18. Badur M, Latha NM, Kumar PR, Dudala SR, Shaik SA, Kang G, et al. Prevalence of Rotavirus diarrhea among under-5 hospitalized children in a Government tertiary hospital, Tirupati. J NTR Univ Health Sci.2015;4:112-116

19. Anderson EJ, Katz BZ, Polin JA, Reddy S, Weinrobe MH, Noskin GA. Rotavirus in adults requiring hospitalization.J Infec. 2012;64(1)