International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research (IJMLR)

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALNUTRITION, IMMUNITY AND MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN CHILDREN

​

OMOYA F.O

​

ABSTRACT: Malaria is one of the major causes of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa.  It is responsible for 1·5–2·7 million deaths each year in sub-Saharan Africa, of which at least 0·7 million are among children aged under 5 years. Therefore, they continue to pose a serious public health problem throughout the world. Malnutrition is the condition that results from taking an unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients are lacking, in excess (too high an intake), or in the wrong proportions. Malnutrition increases the risk of infection and infectious disease, and moderate malnutrition weakens every part of the immune system subsequently making the body vulnerable to diseases. This paper therefore revealed the effect of malnutrition on malaria transmission in children.

KEYWORDS: Children, malaria, malnutrition, immune system

​

REFERENCES:

1. Adam W, Naoke W. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World. World bank Policy Research Working Paper 1999; No. 2434 .

2. Amodu O.K, Adeyemo A.A, Gbadegesin R.A, Orimadegun A.E, Akinsola A.K, Olumese P.E, Omotade O.O. Genetic diversity of the locus and symptomatic malaria in south-west Nigeria. 2005; 95:226-232

3. Benton D,Sargent J. Breakfast, blood glucose and memory. 1992; (2–3): 207–210.

4. Bhutta Z.A, Ahmed T, Black R.E, Cousens S, Dewey K, Giugliani E, Haider B.A, Kirkwood B. What works? Intervention for maternal and child undernutrition and survival.  The Lancet 2008; 371(9610): 417.

5. Breman J.G, Alilio M.S, Mills A. Conquering the intolerable burden of malaria: what's new, what's needed: A summary. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2004; 71: 1–15.

6. Glewwe P, Jacoby Hanan G, Elizabeth M King. Early childhood nutrition and academic achievement: A longitudinal analysis. 2001; (3): 345–368.

7. Gueri M, Gurney J. M, JutsumP.The gomez classification. Time for a change? 1980; (5): 773–777.

8. Jere R.B. The Impact of Health and Nutrition on Education. 1996; (1): 23–37.

9. Kanarek R.B, Swinney D. Effects of food snacks on cognitive performance in male college students. 1990; (1): 15–27.

10. Lakhan S.E, Vieira K.F. Nutritional therapies for mental disorders. 2008; : 2.

11. Laus M. F, Duarte Manhas, Ferreira Vales L, Braga Costa T.M, Sousa, Almeida S.O. Early Postnatal Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Cognition: A Review of Human and Animal Studies.  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011; 8(2): 590–612.

12. Nikolaos K. Clinical Nutrition in Practice. John Wiley & Sons. 2011; pp. 37.

13. Reuters N. Better nutrition could save millions of kids. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004; 46(10) 1582-158

14. Schaible,U.E, Kaufmann S.H.E. Malnutrition and Infection: Complex Mechanisms and Global Impacts. 2007; (5): 115

15. Snow R.W, Craig M.H, Newton C.R.J.C, Stekete R.W. The public health burden of malaria in Africa: deriving the numbers. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, MD. 2003

16. Stillwaggon E Race, Sex and the Neglected Risks for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa". 2008; (4): 67–86.

17. Sue H, Harold A, Juan A.R. The challenges of Hunger and Malnutrition. Global Crises, Global Solutions. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2008; Pp 104-146.

18. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund Statistics (2006). Progress for children: a child survival report card. http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/progressforChildren

19. Waterlow J. C. Classification and Definition of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition. 1972; (5826): 566–569.

20. Wellman N.S, Weddle D.O, Kranz S, Brain C.T. Elder Insecurities: Poverty, Hunger, and Malnutrition. 1997; (10): 120–122.

21. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO Informal Consultation on the evaluation and testing of insecticides. CTD/WHOPES/IC/96.1. 1996; pp 69

22. World Health Organization 2012. http://www.who.int/nutrition/pressnote action on malnutrition/en/.

23. Ziegler J. Fayard. 2007; p. 130.