International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research (IJMLR)

DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF BCL-2, E-CADHERIN AND PSA IN THE PROGRESSION OF MALIGNANT PROSTATIC LESIONS

​

V O Ekundina, A A Oladele, H T Wilson, N Y Hassan, J O Sanya

 

ABSTRACT: Background and aim: Monitoring and diagnosis of benign or premalignant lesions as it progresses to a malignant condition is very necessary as its importance is the probability of its ability to predict or curb progression to the malignant condition and Immunohistochemistry could be a useful tool in achieving this as immunohistochemical markers are specific in nature. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the expression of the immunohistochemical markers; BCL-2, E cadherin and PSA (prostate specific antigen) in BPH and PCa and their ability to be useful in the prediction of the progression to Prostatic malignant lesions.  Sample and method: A total of 60 tissue blocks were retrieved from the pathology archive, previously collected from males histologically confirmed to be present with previously untreated BPH and malignant cases (PCa), consisting 10 normal cases (control), 20 BPH cases and 30 PCa cases which consisted of both LGPIN and HGPIN. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on the samples. The immunohistochemical staining was evaluated and the results were considered.  Result: Cytoplasmic BCL-2 staining was expressed, Membrane staining of E-cadherin was expressed and cytoplasmic PSA was expressed within the cells of normal, BPH and PCa tissues. There was an upregulation of BCL-2 and down regulation of E-cadherin in the progression to the malignant condition and PSA showed a reduced expression in undifferentiated malignancy. Conclusion: The expression of BCL-2, E-cadherin and PSA in Normal, BPH and malignant prostatic tissue has confirmed the ability of immunohistochemistry (its markers) tosurveil the progression of prostate cancer.

 

KEY WORDS: Prostate cancer, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, BCL-2, E-cadherin, PSA

​

REFERENCES:

1. Musalam A, Andarawi M, Osman M, Al-Shriam M, Elrefaie A, Mahfouz AA, Hussein MR. Alterations of COX-2, HER-2/neu and E-Cadherin protein expression in the prostatic adenocarcinoma: preliminary findings. American journal of translational research. 2019;11(3):1653.

2. Pradhan SV, Sharan P. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-the story evolves. Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 2016 Sep 24;6(12):1028-33..

3. Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez‐Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Cheng L. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: its morphological and molecular diagnosis and clinical significance. BJU international. 2011 Nov;108(9):1394-401.

4. Brawer, M. K. (2005). Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: An Overview. Reviews in Urology. 7(3):11-18.

5. Alonso-Magdalena P, Brössner C, Reiner A, Cheng G, Sugiyama N, Warner M, Gustafsson JÅ. A role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009 Feb 24;106(8):2859-63.

6. Mallik AU, Rahman M, Karmakar U, e Ferdous B, Khatun H, Jahan T. There is no correlation between BMI and clinical BPH-a hospital based case control study in Enayetpur, Bangladesh. Journal of Medical Discovery. 2019;4(1):1-7.

7. Strimbu K, Tavel JA. What are biomarkers?. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS. 2010 Nov;5(6):463.

8. Nariculam J, Freeman A, Bott S, Munson P, Cable N, Brookman-Amissah N, Williamson M, Kirby RS, Masters J, Feneley M. Utility of tissue microarrays for profiling prognostic biomarkers in clinically localized prostate cancer: the expression of BCL-2, E-cadherin, Ki-67 and p53 as predictors of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with nested control for clinical and pathological risk factors. Asian journal of andrology. 2009 Jan;11(1):109

9. Veveris-Lowe TL, Lawrence MG, Collard RL, Bui L, Herington AC, Nicol DL, Clements JA. Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells. Endocrine-related cancer. 2005 Sep 1;12(3):631-43.

10. Ozekinci S, Uzunlar AK, Senturk S, Gedik A, Buyukbayram H, Mizrak B. Expression of E-Cadherin, Cox-2, P53 and BCL-2 in Prostate Carcinomas: Correlation with Tumor Differentiation and Metastatic Potential. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2010 Jan 1;24(4):2112-6.

11. Saleh HA, Jackson H, Banerjee M. Immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins: correlation with Ki67 proliferation index and prognostic histopathologic parameters in colorectal neoplasia. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology. 2000 Sep 1;8(3):175-82.

12. García-Aranda M, Pérez-Ruiz E, Redondo M. Bcl-2 inhibition to overcome resistance to chemo-and immunotherapy. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018 Dec;19(12):3950.

13. Ogundele OM, Adegun PT, Falode DT, Agbaje AM, Ajonijebu DC, Omoaghe AO, Laoye BJ. Cell Proliferation and Epithelia Profile in Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Cell Proliferation and Epithelia Profile in Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. 2014;7(2):1-6.

14. Bonk B, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Polonski A, Soekeland G, Makropidi-Fraune G, Möller-Koop C, Witt M, Luebke M. A, Hinsch L, Burandt E, Steurer S, Clauditz TS, Schlomm T, Perez D, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Huland H, Izbicki JR, Wilczak W, Minner S, Sauter G. and Simon R. Prognostic and diagnostic role of PSA immunohistochemistry: A tissue microarray study on 21,000 normal and cancerous tissues. Oncology target. 2019. 10 (52):5439-5453.

15. Varma M, Jasani B. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in morphologically difficult prostate cancer: review of current literature. Histopathology. 2005 Jul;47(1):1-6.

16. Magaki S, Hojat SA, Wei B, So A, Yong WH. An introduction to the performance of immunohistochemistry. Biobanking. 2019:289-98.

17. Bengallo T, El-Faitori M, Sassi S, Khaial FB, Gehani KE, Buhmeida A. and Elzagheid A. Expression of E-Cadherin in Prostatic Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance. Journal of Cancer Prevention and Current Research. 2016. 4(3): 00119.

18. Musalam A, Andarawi M,  Osman M., Al-Shriam, M., Elrefaie, A., Mahfouz, A. A. and Hussein, M. A. Alterations of COX-2, HER-2/neu and E-Cadherin protein expression in the prostatic adenocarcinoma: preliminary findings. Am J Transl Res.(2019).  1 1(3):1653-1667.

19. Abel-Rahman, A. H., Abdel-Aziz, G. A., Ali, E. S., Abdel-Basset, A. B. and Abdel-Hafez, A. A. (2004). Immunohistochemical Study Of Bcl-2 Protein And Estrogen  Receptor-Alpha Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia  And Prostatic Carcinoma. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine.17:130 – 142

20. Perini, G. F., Ribeiro, G. N., Neto, J. V. P., Campos, L. T. and Hamerschlak, N. (2018).  BCL-2 as therapeutic target for hematological malignancies. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 11:65.

21. Ghods, R., Ghahremani, M., Madjd, Z., Asgari, M., Abolhasani, M., Tavasoli, S. … Zarnani, A. (2014). High placenta-specific 1/low prostate-specific antigen expression pattern in high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy.

22. Moradi, A., Srinivasan, S., Clements, J. and Batra, J. (2019). Beyond the biomarker role: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. 38:333–346

 To cite this article:

Ekundina V O , Oladele A A, Wilson H T , Hassan N Y, Sanya J O. Diagnostic utility of bcl-2, e-cadherin and psa in the progression of malignant prostatic lesions. Int. J. Med. Lab. Res. 2021; 6,1:1-10.  http://doi.org/10.35503/IJMLR.2021.6101